hostilities的音標(biāo)為：[?h?st?l?ti?z]，其基本翻譯為“敵對(duì)，戰(zhàn)爭行為”。速記技巧為：hostility（敵意）+ s（復(fù)數(shù)）→敵對(duì)。

Hostilities的詞源：

Hostilities這個(gè)詞源于拉丁語，意為“敵對(duì)行為”或“戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)”。它的詞根“hostis”意為“敵人”或“敵對(duì)者”，因此，“hostilities”意為敵對(duì)行為或戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)。

變化形式：

Hostilities可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形式，如hostile（敵對(duì)的）和hostility（敵意）。此外，它還可以作為形容詞使用，如hostilely（敵意的）和hostility（有敵意的）。

相關(guān)單詞：

1. conflict：沖突，與hostilities同源，都表示敵對(duì)行為。

2. war：戰(zhàn)爭，與hostilities有相似之處，都表示敵對(duì)行為的結(jié)果。

3. enemy：敵人，與hostilities中的“hostis”同源，表示敵對(duì)方。

4. aggression：侵略，與hostilities中的“aggression”同源，表示主動(dòng)的敵對(duì)行為。

5. hostility：敵意，與hostilities本身同源，表示對(duì)某人的敵意或敵對(duì)態(tài)度。

6. belligerence：交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)，與hostilities中的“belligerent”同源，表示戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)。

7. hostage：人質(zhì)，與hostilities中的“host”有關(guān)，表示被用作人質(zhì)的某人或某物。

8. retaliation：報(bào)復(fù)，與hostilities中的“retaliate”有關(guān)，表示對(duì)敵對(duì)行為的報(bào)復(fù)。

9. hostility-reduction-treaty：減少敵意條約，與hostilities中的“reduction”有關(guān)，表示減少敵意的條約或協(xié)議。

10. peacekeeping：維持和平，與hostilities中的“peace”有關(guān)，表示維持和平狀態(tài)的行動(dòng)或任務(wù)。

常用短語：

1. hostility towards (sb/sth) 對(duì)(某人/某事物)的敵意

2. show hostility 表現(xiàn)敵意

3. under hostile circumstances 在敵對(duì)的環(huán)境下

4. hostile takeover 敵意收購

5. hostile attitude 敵對(duì)態(tài)度

6. hostile environment 敵對(duì)環(huán)境

7. hostile actions 敵對(duì)行為

雙語例句：

1. The two countries have long-standing hostilities that have prevented them from working together. （這兩個(gè)國家長期存在敵意，阻礙了他們之間的合作。）

2. She showed hostility towards her boss after being passed over for a promotion. （在未能得到晉升后，她對(duì)上司表現(xiàn)出了敵意。）

3. They were both caught in a hostile environment when they were attacked by a group of thugs. （當(dāng)他們被一群暴徒襲擊時(shí)，他們都被困在了一個(gè)敵對(duì)的環(huán)境中。）

4. The company"s hostile takeover attempt was rejected by shareholders. （公司的敵意收購企圖被股東們拒絕了。）

5. His hostile attitude towards his co-workers made it difficult for him to get along with them. （他對(duì)同事們的敵對(duì)態(tài)度使他難以與他們相處。）

6. The two sides are at loggerheads in the face of the hostile environment. （在敵對(duì)環(huán)境下，雙方處于僵持狀態(tài)。）

7. The hostile actions of the opposition party have caused widespread unrest in the country. （反對(duì)黨采取的敵對(duì)行動(dòng)已在全國引發(fā)了廣泛的不安。）

英文小作文：

Hostility and Cooperation in Business Relationships

In business relationships, hostility and cooperation go hand in hand. Although it may be easy to fall into a pattern of hostility towards competitors or colleagues, it is essential to remember that cooperation is key to achieving success in business.

On the one hand, hostility can lead to competition and rivalry, which can sometimes drive companies to innovate and improve their products or services. However, this approach can also lead to conflicts and disputes that can damage relationships and hinder progress.

On the other hand, cooperation can lead to synergy and collaboration, which can create synergies and bring about positive outcomes for all parties involved. By working together, companies can share resources, learn from each other, and create new opportunities that would not have been possible otherwise.

Therefore, it is essential to maintain a healthy balance between hostility and cooperation in business relationships. By understanding the importance of cooperation and working together, companies can achieve success and growth in the long run.