fortifications的音標(biāo)為[f???t?f?k??nz]，基本翻譯為“工事；筑壘；防御工事”，速記技巧為：fort=堡壘+ification（動(dòng)詞后綴，使……化）→筑堡壘。

Fortifications這個(gè)詞的詞源可以追溯到拉丁語fortis，意為“強(qiáng)壯的”或“堅(jiān)固的”。這個(gè)詞在英語中主要用來指防御工事或堡壘等軍事設(shè)施。

變化形式：在英語中，fortifications通常沒有明顯的變化形式，但有時(shí)在特定的上下文中，它可能會(huì)被簡化為“forts”或“fortifications”。

相關(guān)單詞：

1. fortress：意為“堡壘，要塞”，這個(gè)詞源自拉丁語fortis，意為“強(qiáng)壯的”或“堅(jiān)固的”。

2. rampart：意為“城墻，防御工事”，這個(gè)詞源自拉丁語ramus，意為“分支”或“邊角”。

3. bastion：意為“堡壘的角樓”，這個(gè)詞源自法語，意為“刺”，因?yàn)樵缙诘谋窘菢峭ǔＳ屑怃J的角突出。

4. entrenchment：意為“塹壕，戰(zhàn)壕”，這個(gè)詞源自法語和拉丁語，意為“挖溝”。

5. fortified：意為“被加固的”，這個(gè)詞源自拉丁語fortis，意為“強(qiáng)壯的”或“堅(jiān)固的”。

6. fortification：意為“防御工事”，這個(gè)詞直接源自拉丁語fortis，并被直接引入英語中。

7. fortress-building：意為“堡壘建設(shè)”，這個(gè)詞由fortress（堡壘）和building（建設(shè)）組成。

8. fortification-system：意為“防御系統(tǒng)”，這個(gè)詞由fortification（防御工事）和system（系統(tǒng)）組成。

9. fort-keeper：意為“堡壘看守人”，這個(gè)詞由fort（堡壘）和keeper（看守人）組成。

10. fort-guard：意為“堡壘警衛(wèi)”，這個(gè)詞由fort（堡壘）和guard（警衛(wèi)）組成。

以上這些單詞都與fortifications有著密切的聯(lián)系，它們都反映了防御工事的構(gòu)建、維護(hù)和使用。

常用短語：

1. fortify sth. with sth. 用某物加強(qiáng)某物

2. make fortifications 筑防御工事

3. strengthen fortifications 加強(qiáng)防御工事

4. lay siege to 圍攻

5. entrench oneself 挖戰(zhàn)壕

6. dig in 挖戰(zhàn)壕堅(jiān)守

7. entrenchment 戰(zhàn)壕

雙語例句：

1. The enemy is fortifying their position. （敵人正在加強(qiáng)他們的陣地。）

2. We must make immediate fortifications to protect ourselves. （我們必須立即筑防御工事保護(hù)自己。）

3. The army laid siege to the city for weeks before breaching its fortifications. （軍隊(duì)圍攻城市數(shù)周，然后突破了其防御工事。）

4. Dig in, we"re under attack! （挖戰(zhàn)壕，我們正在受到攻擊！）

5. The soldiers entrench themselves and wait for the enemy to attack. （士兵們挖戰(zhàn)壕堅(jiān)守，等待敵人進(jìn)攻。）

6. Entrenchment is essential in times of war. （戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，戰(zhàn)壕是必不可少的。）

7. Fortifications are a crucial part of any defense system. （防御工事是任何防御系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。）

英文小作文：

Fortifications are an essential part of any defense system, whether it"s a city, a military camp, or even a small village. They provide protection against enemy attack and help to defend against any potential threats. Fortifying a position involves digging trenches, building walls, and creating other types of defensive barriers to protect against incoming fire or other forms of attack.

In times of war, soldiers often dig in and wait for the enemy to attack, while civilians may build shelters and barricades to protect themselves and their families. Fortifications can also include sophisticated weapons systems and other military equipment that can be used to defend against enemy forces.

However, fortifications are not always enough to protect against an overwhelming enemy force, and other measures such as evacuation plans and contingency strategies may need to be implemented in order to ensure the safety of civilians and military personnel. No matter what the situation, fortifications provide a measure of defense and help to ensure that our communities and families are protected from harm.