by-law的音標是["ba?, l??]。基本翻譯是“地方法律，附屬法律；違反法律的行為”。速記技巧是注意不要和“by law”混淆。

by-law的英文詞源是by-，表示“副的，附加的”，加上law表示法律，因此by-law就是“附加的法律”的意思。

變化形式：復數形式為by-laws，過去式為by-lawed或by-layed，現在分詞為by-laying。

相關單詞：

1. shareholder：股東 - share是“份額”的意思，而by-law規定股東必須遵守公司的規則和規定，因此shareholder可以理解為“按照公司規定來持有股份的人”。

2. compliance：合規性 - compli是“遵守”的意思，ance表示性質或狀態，因此compliance可以理解為“遵守規定的狀態”。

3. regulation：規定 - regulate是“規范，調整”的意思，而by-law就是附加的法律規范。

4. subsidiary：附屬公司 - subsidiary意為“附屬的”，指的是一個公司通過法律程序成為另一個公司的附屬公司，以便獲得支持和保護。

5. by-product：副產品 - by-表示“副的”，product表示產品，因此副產品就是指在生產主要產品時產生的非主要但又是不可避免的產物。

by-law在英語中是一個常用的法律術語，涉及到公司治理、法規遵守等方面，對于理解英語法律文獻和商業文獻非常重要。

by-law:

1. by-laws of a company: 公司章程

2. violate by-laws: 違反規定

3. make by-laws: 制定規章制度

4. change by-laws: 修改規章制度

5. by-law officer: 法規官員

6. by-law department: 法規部門

7. by-law compliance: 法規遵守

例句：

1. The company has adopted strict by-laws to ensure fair competition among its members.

公司制定了嚴格的規章制度以確保成員之間的公平競爭。

2. The government has increased the fines for violating traffic by-laws.

政府提高了違反交通規章的罰款。

3. The board of directors must make and enforce by-laws to protect the interests of shareholders.

董事會必須制定并執行規章制度以保護股東的利益。

4. The city has changed its by-laws to allow more parking spaces for residents.

市政府修改了規章制度以允許為居民增加停車位。

5. The by-law officer is responsible for enforcing the city"s building regulations.

法規官員負責執行城市的建筑規章。

6. The by-law department is responsible for investigating and punishing illegal activities.

法規部門負責調查和懲罰違法行為。

7. We must comply with all the regulations in our workplace, including the company"s by-laws.

我們必須遵守工作場所的所有規定，包括公司的規章制度。

英文小作文：

The importance of by-laws in maintaining a healthy and fair work environment cannot be overstated. By-laws serve as a set of guidelines that help to ensure fairness and transparency in all aspects of work, from employee relations to safety regulations. They provide a framework for ensuring that everyone is treated equally and fairly, and that no individual is subject to unfair treatment or discrimination. By-laws also serve as a tool for preventing conflicts and disputes, and for maintaining a positive and harmonious work environment. In conclusion, by-laws are essential for maintaining a healthy and fair work environment, and everyone should be responsible for complying with them to ensure a positive and productive work culture.