by的音標是[ba?]。基本翻譯是“在旁邊；在附近；在附近某處；到附近某處；在旁邊或在附近時；在旁邊或附近時；通過；經(jīng)由；在…旁邊；在…身邊；在…旁地；在…邊；憑借；用…的方法；以…的形式”。速記技巧是：可以聯(lián)想記憶，如“比呀”來記字母。

by-的英文詞源可以追溯到古英語byre，意為牛棚或牛圈。這個詞經(jīng)過演變和變化，形成了現(xiàn)代英語中的by-。

變化形式：通常以-by結尾，如by-product（副產品）、by-pass（旁路）、by-line（副線）等。

相關單詞：

1. by-product：副產品，指生產過程中不期望得到的但可作其他用途的產品。這個詞可以指代化學、工業(yè)、農業(yè)等多個領域的非主要產品。例如，化肥廠的副產品包括硫酸銨、氯化鉀等。

2. by-pass：旁路，指繞過某個障礙物或繞過某個系統(tǒng)的一部分。這個詞可以指代工程、醫(yī)學、交通等多個領域的方法或技術，如心臟搭橋手術是一種旁路手術，旨在改善心臟的血液循環(huán)。

3. by-line：副標題，指新聞或文章的附屬標題。這個詞強調的是新聞或文章的輔助說明，幫助讀者更好地理解文章的主題。

除此之外，還有bygone（過去的）、bypasser-by（過路人）、by-and-by（不久的將來）等相關的單詞。這些單詞都與by-有某種關聯(lián)，表示“副的”、“附屬的”或“額外的”之意。

by-在英語中是一個非常常見的詞綴，它經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在各種產品名稱、公司名稱、機構名稱等商業(yè)領域中，用以表示該產品或服務是附屬的、附加的或額外的。同時，它也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在各種技術、工程、醫(yī)學等領域中，用以描述某種方法、技術或策略是輔助的、次要的或額外的。

常用短語：

1. by chance/coincidence

例句：I met my old friend by chance on the street today.

2. by oneself

例句：I had to do it by myself.

3. by the way

例句：By the way, what time do you usually get up?

4. in a hurry/in a rush

例句：I had to leave in a hurry as I had an important meeting to attend.

5. all by oneself

例句：She did all the work herself without any help.

6. in order to/so as to

例句：I study hard in order to succeed in my career.

7. beyond doubt/no doubt

例句：The movie was beyond doubt a great success.

英文小作文：

標題：The Importance of Self-Confidence

Self-confidence is a crucial factor in achieving success in life. Without it, we may feel overwhelmed by challenges and obstacles, and may fail to take advantage of opportunities that come our way. On the other hand, when we have self-confidence, we are able to face challenges head-on, approach opportunities with courage, and ultimately achieve our goals.

In my opinion, self-confidence is essential for success in all aspects of life, whether it"s academic, professional, or personal relationships. It helps us to believe in our abilities and talents, and encourages us to pursue our dreams with courage and determination. By developing self-confidence, we can overcome any obstacle that stands in our way, and achieve our goals with ease and confidence.